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Home › Blogs › Bill Zoller's blog › Sulphate Attack on Foundation Footer

Sulphate Attack on Foundation Footer

 

I came across this situation recently and am wondering if any of my readers, inspectors, engineers, or otherwise, have seen this as well.

The inspection was a 1970's ranch home, brick veneer exterior siding with vertical and diagnoal cracking.  Upon entering the crawlspace, I thought there might be an efflorescence issue.  After closer evaluation, it became apparent there was something much more serious going on than just efflorescence.  A structural engineer on site for this inspection commented the condition appeared to be a "sulphate attack".  The attack appeared to be more specific to the foundation footer than the foundation wall.

sulphate footer

Why was this happening?  My research indicates a chemical reaction "involving sulphate, that when present in contaminated hardcore along with a source of moisture, reacts with cement present in the concrete causing it to expand and contract (and deteriorate)."  This condition can take from 10 to 20 years to develop. (source: Laboratorytalk Magazine)  This particular home did show signs of negative grading at the exterior and gutters full of debris.  So at the very least, these exterior defects were contributing to the presence of water in the crawlspace.  Over time, the combination of water runoff and the chemical reaction between soil and concrete has left any potential buyer with a tough decision to make: buy or walk?

sulphate footer

Has anyone else run across anything like this?  Do you agree with the structural engineer's assessment?

Submitted by Bill Zoller on Thu, 10/22/2009 - 5:32pm
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Comments

This doesn't looks too good,

Submitted by jerry (not verified) on Tue, 08/03/2010 - 10:01am.
This doesn't looks too good, in fact i have never seen anything like it in my life, i would have avoided buying such a house too. I wonder which is the source for all this sulphate, could the land be so natural rich in sulfur? There must be a way to find out about this kind of lands before the construction site starts, no one would like to discover something like this years after they build their home. Jerry, Edmonton Concrete

Sulphate ATTACK

Submitted by Bill Zoller on Tue, 11/24/2009 - 4:54pm.
Actually, the sulphate issue we were having with this foundation was grossly prevalent at over 80% of the foundation.  Some areas were so infected that as much as 6 inches of concrete vertically and horizontally at the surface level would fall away when prodded with a screwdriver. On the positive side, however, a second engineer came to the site for the next buyer (my buyer walked) and did not think the cost to repair/resupport would be anywhere near what the first enginnering firm estimated.  The home has sold to the subsequent buyer and construction is starting very soon.

Sulfate Attic

Submitted by Anonymous (not verified) on Thu, 11/19/2009 - 5:44pm.
Personally I think the structural engineer is over stating the obvious.  Yes efflorescense is present and sulfates are a typical biproduct of the process but I do not think that I would call it a "attic".  Sulfates are a normal, typical product of the soils of the Denver Basin.  Most any basement/crawlspace will develop sulfate build up to this degree as long as water continues to move the sulfate ions to this location.  I have seen a sulfate build up to a thickness of 2 inches but was confined to a area only 6 feet long.  The immediate cause was an exterior downspout without and extension that has deposited its run-off at the foot of the foundation for years.  A short distance away, no efflorscense could be found and the foundation was dry.
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